I went through the documents of the budget. Here's what it states in the federal government's official "Budget 2010: Leading the Way on Jobs and Growth"...
Modernizing Canada's Currency
"The Government is taking steps to modernize Canada's currency and protect against counterfeiting. The introduction of a new series of bank notes by the Bank of Canada will begin in 2011. These bank notes will have increased security features and will be printed on a polymer material, which lasts significantly longer than the current cotton-based paper, thereby reducing production costs and the impact on the environment. The Government is also planning to change the composition of the $1 and $2 coins using the Royal Canadian Mint's less expensive patented multi-ply plated steel technology."
On a side note, the Globe and Mail writes:
Thursday, March 4, 2010 4:14 PM
Open your wallets for plastic cash
Steven Chase
Jim Flaherty can't make your dollars go further but he is taking measures to ensure those $10- and $20-bills last far longer.
Canada’s money is going plastic, the Harper government announced in its 2010 budget today. Starting in late 2011, Ottawa will replace Canada’s paper-cotton bank notes – prone to wear and tear – with synthetic ones that last two to three times longer.
The changes are intended save on the cost of printing bills – and create a currency that’s much harder to counterfeit.
Ottawa will rely on a sole supplier – an Australian company – for the polymer bank-note material. In theory, at least, the scarcity of this means fraudsters will be hard-pressed to fake their own notes.
The plastic-feeling bills will also allow the Bank of Canada to design funkier notes – with clear windows in them, for instance – as well as extra, embedded security measures.
Canadians will no longer have to worry that their tens and twenties might dissolve if they mistakenly go through the wash. And the bills themselves are far more indestructible, unless, of course, they are melted by a flame.
Ottawa also announced it will proceed to make cheaper Canadian coins as well, replacing the predominately-nickel based $2- and $1-coins with steel instead. (The mint has already done this for nickels, dimes and quarters.)